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how to overcome barriers to effective communication Essay...

Communication in business is the passing on of ideas and information and building relationships in this way, however in the process of doing so sometimes some issues and conditions may arise that might hinder the ideas and information being passed on from being understood clearly these are what we refer to as communication barriers. Therefore, its very important to identify the barriers of business communication to get your message across clearly. Organizational communication involves formal and informal communications throughout an organization. This branch of communications considers an organizations communications to employees, with employees and from employees to upper management. When a business or organization does not establish†¦show more content†¦Without any training it is easy to fail to recognize the effect that difference in culture which entails language, environment, social history, conceptions of authority and nonverbal communication has on communication. According to an Inc. article, ethnocentrism leads to the belief that your way of conducting business is logical, when in reality that logic stems from your own cultural upbringing. Distractions. Business interactions must take place in an environment where both parties are able to pay attention to one another free of distractions. Having a television or radio on, the constant noise of sirens or bells, poor technological connections, poor internet connections, the temperature of the room and even the appearance of the speaker can be distracting to an audience. While not all distractions can be avoided, its important to eliminate as many as possible so that your message comes through effectively. Perceptual barriers. Many times ,employees grow accustomed to perceiving things in particular ways, making it difficult to recognize new meanings. For example, a manager who prefers hiring Havard graduates may overlook the exceptional contributions that could be made by a USIU graduate. Differing life experiences, interests and values may prevent two employees from perceiving an event the same way and due to invalid perceptions, an employee may recommend incorrect solutions. Gender barriers. Although these have become lessShow MoreRelatedOvercoming Barriers Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesTask 4: Overcoming barriers to communication The four key barriers to communication are process barriers, personal barriers, physical barriers, and semantic barriers. As an effective manager, I will have to overcome these barriers. The first barrier that I would have to overcome is the process barrier. 1). Process barriers: The process of communication involves a sender of information and a receiver of information. 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In this paper, the author will discuss the process of verbal and nonverbal communication and the associated components of each, the differences between listening and hearing in communication, the formal and informal channels of communication in criminalRead MoreM2, Review Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interactions.1676 Words   |  7 PagesM2, review strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. D1, evaluate strategies used in health and social care to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. Introduction There are many differing ideas on the best way to communicate in health and social care and there are many strategies used by the many differing professionals working in health and social care. This assignment

Proposal †Corporate Governance failureMajor Bane of nigerian banking crisis. Free Essays

string(52) " explain the failure of defunct international bank\." Abstract The banking sector is among the most vital industries in any economy. There is thus a need for regulatory bodies to prevent any issue that may arise and lead into the collapse of this sector. One of the frameworks that have for a long time ensured that companies act in the interests of their stakeholders is corporate governance. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal – Corporate Governance failure:Major Bane of nigerian banking crisis. or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, situations have arisen where the corporate governance policies meant to protect the interests of shareholders and the business have been overlooked for selfish reasons and for the benefit of few company executive directors. Such situations are referred to as â€Å"corporate governance failures† This proposal looks at the issue of corporate governance failure in Nigeria’s banking sector, discussing its contribution to the banking crisis of 2008. It also highlights a case of banks that were gravely affected by the banking crisis, one of them being the defunct Intercontinental plc. Important literature has also been presented and reviewed in this proposal. Further, the paper presents an overview of the methodological approaches that shall be used by the researcher in the collection of data necessary for attaining the research objectives. Introduction For any economy to have a healthy and sustainable banking system, it is necessary for the parties involved in the banking sector to ensure that there is transparency and vibrancy. This enables the companies in the banking industry to maintain a positive image towards their clients and the general public. It is worth noting that in financial services’ sector, success of companies highly depends on the confidence that the target market has in them (McDougall Levesque, 2000). This can easily be achieved by organizations when the guidelines of corporate governance are strictly and diligently adhered to. The benefits of good corporate governance include promotion of goodwill and confidence of customers and other company stakeholders (Shleifer Vishny, 1997; Kirkpatrick, 2009). In the banking industry, good corporate governance involves acting ethically to protect the interests of stakeholders and being transparent in financial and non financial reporting (Beasley et al., 2000). Whilst the role of corporate governance is acknowledged by most executives and directors in the banking industry it is often overlooked. Weak systems or non-adherence to corporate governance have resulted to massive collapses of big corporations – within and outside the banking industry – across the globe (Skousen et al., 2005). Examples of companies that have failed in this respect are Enron in the United States and Cadbury and Intercontinental Bank in Nigeria. Many more incidents that depict corporate governance failure have been extensively documented in literature, especially in Nigeria and other developing and emerging economies (Solomon Solomon., 2004). Problem Statement The banking sector plays a major role in the growth of the Nigerian economy. It is a key driver of the economy and has over the years evolved since the establishment of Bank of British West Africa in 1894, the first bank in Nigeria. The banking environment in Nigeria has evolved from a government regulated environment to the era of Structural Adjustment Program of 1986 that aimed at regulating the economy based on pricing (Oso Semiu 2012). Since the market deregulation and liberalization of bank licensing process, there has been an increase in interest to oversee the operations of a number of licensed banks by the CBN and the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation. However, in the recent times, range of problems have emerged with a number of banks being forced to shut down. The distress that has bedeviled the banking sector in Nigeria is said to have been largely caused by poor corporate governance. The recent financial meltdown, corporate governance failures and the fear of collapse of the financial system has led to the wave of consolidation in the banking industry, with the apex bank shrinking the number of banks to 25 and setting the minimum capital base of each bank at N25 billion (Oso Semiu 2012). The crisis that is currently looming in Nigeria’s banking industry is a revelation of the inadequacy and failure of corporate governance in the realm of Business Corporation. The current problems which have become more visible in the Nigerian banking sector have led to the calls for reforms in the banking sector as a whole. The distress experienced by financial institutions in Nigeria and across the globe has attracted much attention such that various initiatives have been put up to raise awareness of good corporate governance including by the IMF, Common Wealth Association for Corporate Program (CACG), Central Banks, United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the World Bank, and the Organization for Economic Cooperative Development (OECD), among many others. Ongoing reforms that are currently underway including prosecution of executives of some banks and the nationalization of banks have brought to the fore this issue of corporate governance and the importance of this concept in the running of corporate organizations (Oso Semiu 2012). This concept along with its various dimensions has gained increasing popularity in the recent times. Clearly, good corporate governance plays a major role in the running of business corporations and is an important step in building market confidence and ensuring long-term international investment flows into the country. Given its importance in the realm of business corporations, it is imperative that companies operate within standards that keep them focused on their objectives and hold them accountable to stakeholders (Oso Semiu 2012). Research Aims/Objectives This research aims to examine the subject of corporate governance failure and its contribution to the banking crisis in Nigeria in 2008. With reference to Intercontinental Bank Plc, this research seeks to attain the following set objectives: To explore corporate governance failure across the globe. To establish the extent to which corporate governance failure has led to the banking crisis in Nigeria. To determine the complacencies of the regulatory bodies that have led to poor corporate governance in Nigerian banks To explore on the various theories of corporate governance such as stakeholder and agency theory, and examine how they can be used to explain the failure of defunct international bank. You read "Proposal – Corporate Governance failure:Major Bane of nigerian banking crisis." in category "Essay examples" To propose a stakeholder approach for providing the single strategic framework for dealing with the crisis in Defunct International Bank To establish and make recommendations of the other possible solutions that can be implemented by banks and regulatory bodies to prevent recurrence of such bank crises. Literature review Several researchers have gained interest in the subject of corporate governance in the banking sector and for this reason, it has been extensively studied. This section intends to critically review some of these studies in relation to the situation in the Nigerian banking industry. To understand the literature on a broader conceptual setting, the paper will explore some of the definitions put forth by various researchers and their theoretical perspectives. Corporate Governance and its Problems in the Banking Industry According to Kirkpatrick (2009), corporate governance is concerned with ensuring that there is equilibrium between the economic goals of an organization and its social responsibility. In another definition given by Greuning and Bratanovic (2003), corporate governance is a set of mechanisms that have been set by stakeholders to ensure that the directors and managers involved in the managing the corporate resources, manage them in an effective manner. Das and Ghosh (2004) defined corporate governance from the investors’ point of view as â€Å"both the promise to repay a fair return on the capital invested and the commitment to operate a firm, efficiently given investments.† Structures of corporate governance in the financial services’ sector are meant to specify and distribute responsibilities of different parties that are involved in running the company. According to Das and Ghosh (2004), some of the key elements of corporate governance include adherence to good board practice, transparency, clear definition of company stakeholder rights, and commitment of company directors. Fernando (2009) also points out the pillars of corporate governance, which are independence, fairness and accountability. As argued by Kirkpatrick (2009), there are several components that constitute corporate governance. Therefore, poor governance can result from problems in any of these components. One of the problems that have affected corporate governance in the banking is the domination of company boards by one senior executive or small group of top executives that dictate the operation of the company. The apparent power that such executives possess might lead them to bypass some of the set regulations for their own benefit. Some of these benefits include financial remuneration or recruitment and appointment of staff members without following the set procedures. This argument is also supported by Greuning and Bratanovic (2003). Another corporate governance issue in the banking sector, which was pointed out by Nguyen (2010) is wrong financial reporting and intentional financial statement fraud. As banks struggle to maintain a positive image to stakeholders and the public, they often give financial reports that are appealing to stakeholders but with false entries (Wells, 2011). The common way in which this is done is through the understatement of liabilities and overstatement of assets to falsely make the company appear to be making profits. Financial statement fraud can also be carried out by individuals who find an opportunity to benefit themselves through indicating lower income figures and allocating themselves the difference. Rezaee (2005) argues that even though this can be pointed out and curbed by internal and external auditors, the auditors are also often involved in the cover up. Whilst financial statement fraud can give a good picture of the company to stakeholders on a short-term, the long-term effects are detrimental to the image and profitability of the business. Other contributors of corporate governance failure include lack of corporate social responsibility initiatives by companies and failure of the board of directors to detect and address inadequacies in the company promptly (Fernando, 2009). Failure to involve shareholders in decision making, especially on policies that affect the company’s corporate governance, is also a contributor to corporate governance failure (Kirkpatrick, 2009). Corporate Governance Theories Several theories have been established to explain and provide a better understanding of the concept of corporate governance. This report explains two of these theories, which shall be used to explore the failure in defunct International Bank, that is, the agency and stakeholder theory. The Agency Theory The agency theory refers to propositions for governance of modern corporations, where many stakeholders permit separate people to take over the control of their firms. According to Fernando (2004), the people allowed to run the firms may not necessarily be shareholders but have the skills necessary for control or management of the corporation. The agency theory further proposes different ways in which the relationships between managers and owners can be examined, especially in cases where managers of the firm have no ownership of its resources. Jensen and Meckling (1976) argue that in a case where agents are not shareholders of the firm, they are likely to fail in adherence of the corporate governance policies that have been set by the company’s stakeholders. So as to counter or minimise such issues several measures need to put in place. The costs that are incurred in setting up and implementing these measures are referred to as agency costs. For instance, firms need to have principal-agent risk-bearing mechanisms to examine the extent of risk that principals and agents can assume in return for the gains they expect. A number of critics have pointed out that many agency theorists only focus on the agency issues that arise from the agent’s side. For instance, Perrow (1986) points out that agency issues often exist both with the agents and principals. (Donaldson, 1990) argues that agents can also be viewed as team players and good stewards as opposed to being considered as opportunists and selfish. The Stakeholder Theory The stakeholder theory and its proponents argue that in any firm, there are several different groups affected by management. The stakeholder group in a firm comprises of its clients, suppliers, workers, regulatory agencies, the communities it serves and its shareholders. All these groups have different interests in the firm (Phillips, 2011). For instance, employees are interested in job security while shareholders expect dividends and sustainability. This theory stresses on the fact that the different interests of the various stakeholder groups can have an impact on the way the firm is controlled. Even though this theory has been supported by several researchers, criticisms have emerged. For instance, because stakeholders of a firm comprise of many groups, it is difficult for them to come to a consensus on the way a company should be managed. In addition to this, it is difficult for the firm to be run in a way that satisfies all stakeholders (Mansell, 2013). Nonetheless, we propose a stakeholder approach as the single framework for managing the crisis. We propose the integration of this theory with other managerial perspectives particular theories of governance and agency. What is known about Corporate Governance Failure in Nigeria’s Banking Sector It has been argued by several analysts that the banking crisis in Nigeria has occurred as a manifestation of the poor adherence to the corporate governance guidelines that have been put in place (Central Bank of Nigeria, 2011; Oghojafor et al., 2010). Banking crises have detrimental impacts on economies, which may result in destabilizing governments and increasing poverty levels among populations. Oghojafor et al. (2010) argued that many executives in the Nigerian banking sector lack the ethical principles and values that constitute good corporate governance. These include integrity, honesty, openness, mutual respect and being committed towards achieving organizational goals. Instead, they have prioritized their personal and selfish interests. This explains why the growth that was experienced by banks as well as the indices that were used in packaging their shares did not match the economic development of the banks. Such discrepancies indicate the trading off of banking practices for the benefit of bank directors and those that are loyal to them. With reference to an auditing exercise carried out by the Central Bank of Nigeria (2010), it was established that five banks had an accumulation of loans of up to N500 billion, which led to the loss of bank shareholders’ funds. After an investigation that was carried out to establish the reasons for this malpractice, it was established that the key reasons included laxity among regulatory bodies charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the banks act in the interest of their shareholders. In Nigeria, there has been insufficient commitment by the CBN in addressing the corporate governance issues that surround these banks. Onakoya et al. (2011) argues that the inadequacy of the CBN in instilling corporate governance in Nigeria’s banking sector is brought about by the dearth of personnel who are qualified and capable to execute the responsibilities of supervising and examining banking service providers. In addition to this, the possibility of compromise by the supervisors cannot be ruled out. What is Unknown (Gaps in Research) Whilst we have established that efficiency of corporate governance mechanism is an important aspect of governance reforms especially in the banking industry, there is still a dearth of research on this topic in the emerging economies. Identification of these gaps in research and carrying out studies that fill them aids in establishing recommendations that can help in preventing future detrimental impacts in Nigeria’s banking sector. Given that emerging and developing economies are the most affected by corporate governance failure issues, it is necessary for more researchers to focus on these economies. The areas that have not been extensively covered include the roles of audit committees and the influence that company board members have on their effectiveness. Further, ownership structure and its impact on firm performance with respect to corporate governance are still yet to be explored extensively in Nigeria. This area needs to be covered because of the influence that ownership structures has on accountability in business operations. Most of the researches that focus on ownership structures do not link it to corporate governance in Nigeria. Where studies have examined corporate governance failures and the impact of ownership concentration on firm performance, a large number of these studies have been based on data collected from the developed economies, which is not representative of all economies around the world. Although such data may be generalizable, it should be noted that the contextual settings of the developed and developing economies differ greatly and as such might not give an accurate picture of the developing countries. As such, there is still a gap in literature on corporate governance in the emerging markets which not even this analysis can fill. Nonetheless, the Nigerian banking industry can borrow from corporate governance policies that have been implemented in developed countries that have stable banking sectors and make necessary amendments on its policies. Research Questions This analysis will be underpinned by the following research questions: What are the key causes of corporate governance failure in the banking and financial services sectors To what extent has the lack of corporate governance led to the failure and consequent takeover of Nigerian banks by Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) What measures can be taken by the government and other regulatory bodies in Nigeria to ensure that corporate governance policies are adhered to Methodology Approach The main objective of the proposed dissertation is to examine the aspects of corporate governance which were lacking in the Nigerian banks that led to their failure and consequent takeover by Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON). While the study will devote particular focus to Defunct Intercontinental bank Plc in Nigeria, it will also examine the corporate governance issues facing banks in general across the globe. There are two approaches that can be considered in attaining this objective. It could either use the secondary approach or the primary approach (Silverman, 2010). While both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, this study shall utilize both primary and secondary approaches. Case study research strategy The case study design will provide the most reliable data for the research. The case study approach is reputable for examining and understanding complex phenomena, including the issue of corporate governance. A case study approach has been chosen as it facilitates more in-depth analysis of the research topic. As pointed out by Yin (2003), case studies are empirical inquiries that investigate contemporary phenomena within their real life contexts, and data is collected from multiple sources. It also extends experiences or strengthens of the already known concepts by linking it to previous researches. Defunct Intercontinental Bank plc has been chosen as the case study for this analysis. Data that shall be used in this research shall be qualitative, and shall be collected through interviews and other secondary sources. Research design and philosophy Our research will take an interpretive theoretical perspective and a descriptive research method will be used. A descriptive research has been chosen for the proposed dissertation in order to provide information on the current status and characteristics of Nigeria’s banking sector. Further, the descriptive research will be used to verify the following hypothesis The lack of corporate governance led to the failure and consequent takeover of Nigerian banks by Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria Data Collection and Sources As aforementioned, this research shall use both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data shall be collected through questionnaire survey method. Copies of questionnaires shall be mailed to the company’s CEO and some staff of Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria. An address data base will be developed using information available on the company’s website. To improve on the response rate, the mailed questionnaires will be accompanied by follow-up letters. The participants will be required to return their completed questionnaires by mail. Secondary data shall be obtained from company reports, archival documents, government reports and peer reviewed journals. A priority shall be given to secondary sources that address corporate governance in the Nigerian banking. Another factor that shall be considered in the selection of secondary sources shall be the periods in which they were published. Given that the banking crisis in Nigeria took place in 2008, it shall be worthwhile to select sources that were published between 2006 and 2013. Sampling Selection of respondents has to be done using the most ideal sampling technique. Whereas several sampling techniques can be applicable, the most ideal sampling method will be snowballing. According to Yin (2010), snowball sampling involves identification of a few respondents that have the attribute being sought after by the researcher and asking them to refer other suitable respondents to the researcher. Bamberger (2000) argues that snowball sampling is one of the most ideal sampling techniques for researches that involve in-depth analysis. A total of 100 respondents shall be used in this research. Data analysis Another important aspect in research is the analysis of the primary data collected. Without data analysis, it can be difficult to evaluate the research and to compare it with findings from other studies. For the proposed dissertation, the qualitative data shall be analyzed using thematic analysis method. This would involve searching through the data collected and identifying recurrent themes. This analysis shall reveal the extent to which the lack of corporate governance has been responsible for the failure and consequent takeover of Nigerian banks by Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria. Limitations of the research approaches used Even though it is definite that the research objectives of this research shall be met and research questions answered, there are several weaknesses that are associated with the qualitative approach (Yin, 2003). For instance, the scope of qualitative case studies is often limited to single or a small number of cases, a characteristic that makes it difficult to establish generality and reliability of the results obtained. In addition to this, utilization of primary qualitative research poses a challenge in establishing whether the responses given are true or false (Miles, 1979). As argued by Kopala and Suzuki (1998), findings that are presented in qualitative research could be those considered by the researcher as appropriate or significant to the research. Thus, they are prone to researcher biases. The challenge associated with secondary research is the difficulty to find sources that address specific issues of interest at specific times. Reliability and Validity To ensure reliability and validity is achieved in the research, the researchers shall ensure that qualitative data is collected from a wide variety of sources. This will help in avoiding the biases that are synonymous to qualitative research. The utilization of data from secondary sources shall supplement the data collected by interviewing research respondents. Further, to improve the practical applicability and overall validity of findings, key professionals in corporate governance shall be asked to assess the practical application of the questionnaire before being mailed to the respondents. These key professionals may include senior members of the Corporate Governance Code Development Committee in Nigeria. Modifications shall be made to incorporate comments made by these professionals. Ethical Considerations Several ethical issues have to be considered by researchers, especially in researches that involve human respondents (Patton, 2002). The researcher shall inform respondents over the phone call prior to mailing the questionnaires about the research and objectives that are intended to be met. This will enable respondents to give an informed consent before participating in the questionnaires. Given the sensitivity of the research, it shall also be necessary for the researcher to ensure that there is confidentiality of the personal information of researchers. As such, the researcher will attach a copy of the ‘Participant’s Information Sheet’ to convey confidentiality of their responses. Ethical issues may also arise from utilization of secondary sources without the consent of the original authors. For this reason, the researcher shall ensure that all the sources are acknowledged in the final dissertation report. Conclusion This paper has clearly presented a proposal that shall guide the process of carrying out the research and meeting the set objectives. It has presented and reviewed literature from several academic sources on the subject of corporate governance and the banking crisis in Nigeria. This paper has also provided the methodological approaches that shall be undertaken during the research and ethical issues and limitations that may arise when conducting the research. The paper also proposes ways in which it will address such ethical concerns and limitations and outlines ways in which it will improve on the reliability and validity of its findings. References Bamberger, M., 2000. Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. New York: World Bank. Beasley, M., Carcello, J., Hermanson, D. Lapides, P., 2000. Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Consideration of Industry Traits and Corporate Governance Mechanisms. Accounting Horizons, 14(4), p.441–454. Central Bank of Nigeria, 2010. Global Financial Crisis Impact in Nigeria, Nigerian Financial Reforms and the Roles of Multilateral Developing Banks and IMF. Lagos: Central Bank of Nigeria. Central Bank of Nigeria, 2011. Public Statement on the Recapitalization of Eight Nigerian Banks. Lagos: Central Bank of Nigeria Central Bank of Nigeria. Cowry Asset Management, 2009. Nigerian Banking Report: Following the Progress of Nigerian banks in the last 10 years; A concise look at the milestones, challenges, successes and outlook of the Nigerian banking system. Cowry Research Desk. Das, A. Ghosh, S., 2004. Corporate governance in banking system. Economic and Political Weekly, pp.1263-66. Donaldson, L., 1990. The ethereal hand: organizational economics and management theory. Academy Management Review, 15, pp.369-81. Fernando, A.C., 2004. Corporate Governance: Principles, Policies and Practices. Pearson Education. Fernando, A.C., 2009. Corporate Ethics, Governance, And Social Responsibility: Precepts And Practices. Pearson Education. Greuning, H.V. Bratanovic, S.B., 2003. Analyzing and Managing Banking Risk: A framework for assessing corporate governance and Financial Risk. Washington D.C: The World Bank. Harlow, E., 2009. Encyclopedia of Case Study Research: Contribution, Theoretical. London: Sage. Jensen, M.C. Meckling, W.H., 1976. Theory of the ?rm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Finance and Economics, 3, pp.305-60. Kirkpatrick, G., 2009. The Corporate Governance Lessons from the Financial Crisis. Financial Market Trends, pp.51-77. Kopala, M. Suzuki, L.A., 1998. Using qualitative methods in psychology. California: Sage. Mansell, S.F., 2013. Capitalism, Corporations and the Social Contract: A Critique of Stakeholder Theory. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. McDougall, H. Levesque, T., 2000. Customer satisfaction with services: putting perceived value into the equation. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(5), pp.392-410. Miles, M.B., 1979. Qualitative Data as an Attractive Nuisance: The Problem of Analysis. Adminitrative Science Quarterly, 24, pp.590-601. Nguyen, K., 2010. Financial Statement Fraud: Motives, Methods, Cases and Detection. New York: Universal-Publishers. Oghojafor, B.E.A., Olayemi, O.O., Okonji, P.S. Okolie, J.U., 2010. poor Corporate Governance and its Consequences on teh Nigerian Banking Sector. Serbian Journal of Management, 5(2), pp.243-50. Onakoya, A.B., Ofoegbu, D.I. Fasanya, I.O., 2011. Corporate Governance and Bank performance: A pooled Study of Selected Banks in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal , 8(28), pp.155-64. Oso, L and Semiu, B., 2012. The concept and practice of corporate governance in Nigeria: theneed for public relations and effective corporate communication. Journal of Communication, 3 (1), pp.1-16 Patton, M., 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Perrow, C., 1986. Economic theories of organization. New York: Springer. Phillips, R.A., 2011. Stakeholder Theory. Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing. Rezaee, Z. Riley, R., 2009. Financial Statement Fraud: Prevention and Detection. London: John Wiley and Sons. Rezaee, Z., 2005. Causes, consequences, and deterence of financial statement fraud. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 16(3), p.277–298. Shleifer, A. Vishny, R., 1997. A Survey of Corporate Governance. Journal of Finance, 52(2), p.737–783. Silverman, D., 2010. Qualitative Research. London : Sage Publishers. Skousen, K.F., Glover, S.M. Prawitt, D.F., 2005. An Introduction to Corporate Governance and the SEC. Mason, Ohio: Thomson South-Western. Solomon, J. Solomon, A., 2004. Corporate Governance and Accountability. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Wells, J.T., 2011. Financial Statement Fraud Casebook: Baking the Ledgers and Cooking the Books. New Jersey: John Wiley. Yin, R.K., 2003. Case Study Research-Design and Methods. London: Sage. Yin, R.K., 2010. Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. New York: Guilford Press. How to cite Proposal – Corporate Governance failure:Major Bane of nigerian banking crisis., Essay examples

Public Service Paradoxes - Processes - and Problems

Question: Discuss about the Public Service for Paradoxes, Processes, and Problems. Answer: Introduction: Wilson brother limited is a Canada based company, founded by the Wilson brothers, Bob and John Wilson. The company had started in the year 1960. The company has been focusing of preparing different food products from the Canadian market. The head office of the organization is situated in Brandon, Manitoba with an overall 220 employees working under the firm. Initially the organization has been operated by the brothers in six operating plants. This had provided them with initial sales revenue of $300,000. In the year 2000, the company has expanded its plants and raised their revenue up to a certain level. The company has expanded its business to United States and Europe market and has exported its products to countries like Japan and china. The organization follows Webers bureaucratic model where the structure of the firm involves the hierarchical structure of the firm with formal rules and procedures, which governs the organization and its members (Mondy Martocchio, 2016). The organization has great exponential growth due to its hardworking employees and managers. It provides attractive employment opportunity for the Canadian executives. Long with great skills of salesperson, the company has also been a cultural sensitive organization. The two brothers only took the strategic decisions for the organization. From the vice presidential level down, all operational choices made were in support of the implementation of the plans developed by the brothers. Most of Wilson Brothers Canadian operations are non-unionized, and for competitive reasons the brothers tend to prefer it that way. They have always felt that any issues with an employee could and should be dealt with directly, on a one-to-one basis. The organization had formed its own trucking firm, Able Distribution Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Wilson Brothers Limited. In this way, they were able to guarantee on-time deliveries to customers. More than 70% of the demand for the trucking firm came directly from food business deliveries, independently operated out of Truro, Nova Scotia. Job Design Being employed as the director of human resources for the Canadian operations, it is quite vital for me to analyse and coordinate the operations of the organization carried out in the country. It is quite important to frame various policies strategically in the organization, which would thereby help in promoting the employee conditions of the firm (Mathis, et al., 2016). I would be working under Ron Abrams, Vice President of Operations, Canada. I would work from the corporate offices in Brandon. There are various problems, which one needs to address while being the human resource director. The most vital problems are related to employment motivational and engagement. Various strategically framed provisions must be granted with adherence to employees welfare, which would help in instigating better quality of work provided along with organization loyalty (Hendry, 2012). The drivers that could be used to raise the engagement and motivation of the employees towards the organization are attachment to the job, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness to experience, achievement orientation and self-efficacy. These drivers would help in boosting the engagement of the employees by providing best quality of work. A solid job description with a clear set of performance objectives must be stated to each employee of the organization. An alignment with the strategies framed must be build, which requires a good system of communication in the organization (Bennett Ho, 2014). The firm must keep a clear sense of direction by keeping the employees well informed regarding the where about of the company. A rewarding system must be generated within the organization that would help in praising the hard work implemented by the employees within the firm. This would help in building a balance between the personal goals of the employee and the objectives of the firm (B ratton Gold, 2012). A better work environment would motivate the employees to be engaged to the organization and raise their loyalty towards the firm. It would even help in reducing the employee turnover rate for the organization. Decision Making Only the brothers, Bob and John made strategic decisions within the organization. From the Vice Presidential level down, all operational choices made were in support of the implementation of the plans developed by the brothers. The decisions that were undertaken in the organization were flexible in nature. The company could take the decisions with ease that motivated the employees to work with greater quality for the association. The organization could be listed as a sole proprietor company, where the owners of the firm take all the major decisions. This form of business organization has various merits and demerits. The merits could be listed as the Wilson brothers would have better control over the other staff members of the organization, and would be able to enjoy greater amount of profits. Yet, along with the merits, the demerits are that, the liability of the organization is only on the proprietors of the firm (Storey, 2014). This causes the lack of withstanding the hindrances in business. In order to overcome such hurdles, Wilson brothers must set strategic alliances with other companies that would act as a strengthening tool for the company. It would raise the sales of the organization and raise their market share. Equity Within the organization, the managers are hired at a starting salary that has been primarily based on their ability to negotiate their own salary rather than on a specific salary range criteria. There is no fixed policies or plans that would help in achieving employment equity or pay scale equity within the organization. This creates a hindrance towards the employee engagement of the organization. Employment equity is an important aspect of an organization. It aims at ensuring that none of the employees in the organization are denied of opportunity or employment or appraisals within the firm (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). This helps in removing the differences among the employees of the organization. In order to achieve the advancement in maintaining the equity within the organization, a new set of policies must be implemented, that would maintain a salary range for the posts of the employees. There must be a system generated with respect to rewards and appraisals that would help the employees to be motivated towards their work. It is an important aspect for the organization to maintain such policies as that would help in generating better quality of products to be delivered on behalf of the firm. Organizational Culture Wilson brothers limited tend to have great cultural sensitivity within the organization. They appoint a local representative as a CEO of the operational branch of the company n the countries where they have expanded the business. The organization has an attractive employment opportunity for the executives, managers, and other plant personnel due to its Canadian roots, culture and success. Yet, the company faces significant issues regarding the recruitment of people in Vancouver. The cost of living at such places is quite high that exceeds the real income. Corporate culture is considered as one of the most important tools to be pertained within an organization. It aims at bringing success to the organization by fitting the cultures within the firm in a proper way. This would help in implementing the work process with ease. By acknowledging the culture within the organization, the main aim of the organization would aim at enhancing the productivity of the firm (Marler Fisher, 2013). The leaders or the senior managers must create the cultures within the organization. Being the human resource director, the duties and responsibilities within the organization must be maintained well that would help in increasing the ability of the organization to build the gap between hr activities and cultural awareness within the organization. Organizational Change Under the Wilson Brother Limited, the organization has started their own distribution system known as Able Distribution Limited. In this way, they were able to guarantee on-time deliveries to customers. More than 70% of the demand for the trucking firm came directly from food business deliveries, independently operated out of Truro, Nova Scotia. However, the global cost increases in petroleum products have been significant; and because of the need to keep product prices low, transportation cost is a major area of concern for the Company. With the new transition implemented by the organization to develop their own distribution channel, it is quite important for the firm to frame such policies that would analyse the plans to be prepared and implemented by the organization. The organization needs to implement cost effective strategies that would help in undermining the transportation cost of the organization. Work Groups/Teams Most of Wilson Brothers Canadian operations are non-unionized, and for competitive reasons the brothers tend to prefer it that way. They have always felt that any issues with an employee could and should be dealt with directly, on a one-to-one basis. The brothers believe they need to operate with flexibility in order to make quick strategic decisions, develop new product ideas, and take them to launch as quickly as they do. The work teams within the firm carry out the orders of the secondary and the head managers of the firm, that are regulated by the owners of the organization. . The brothers attend two noteworthy team meetings. The first team, which includes the CEOs from all of the European and Asian subsidiaries, meets once every three months at the corporate office in Brandon. The purpose of this team meeting is to discuss and improve profit results. The brothers also meet once a month with a second team -- the senior executive team in Canada, which includes the VP Sales-Retail, VP Sales-Food Service, Executive VP Marketing, VP Engineering, VP Finance and VP Operations. No other formal team meetings are held in the company. There are groups that meet on an ad-hoc basis to manage new product implementation; these employees come from Sales, Marketing, Finance and Operations. In order to impose the stability of the work team the organization must improve the labour agreements to be generated within the organization. This agreement would add a level of structure to the firm and enable time consuming protocol thereby creating less flexibility of operational environment. Human Resource Director must see that the labour relations are encompassed an adhering to all the aspects of the employment relationship within the employer and the employees (Berman, et al., 2015). This would maintain the non-unionization of the organization, thereby enabling the organization to function smoothly in the business filed. The work teams or groups with discontentment within the organization would rather create lack in the growth of the firm. Conflict One of the major conflicts that has been perceived within the organization is that the employees of the organization are not subjected to any consistent policies on their relation issues. This employee policy has been quite conflicting in nature as the employees can be terminated at any level of employment if they fall out of the favour with the owners of the firms. This has reduced the job security of the employees that thereby subjects them to a risk related to job guarantee. This would create a positive effect on the employee turnover rate of the organization. There have been no current implementations of any plans or policies to bring the situation under control. it is quite vital for the organization to undertake some beneficial policy implementation steps that would help in controlling this conflict within the organization. This conflict would harm the productivity of the firm as the productivity is positively related to the employees of the firm. According to the human resource policies, the employee engagement could be done by generating specific confirmation employment policies (Truss, Mankin Kelliher, 2012). This confirmation policy would subject the employee to a period of training and under surveillance, and based on the performance, they must grant a certificate of confirmation to the related individual. This would help them in assessing the guarantee in relation to their job within the organization; hence, they would not search for anther jobs in related field and maintain a low employment turnover rate. Leadership Style The leadership style that has been within the organization is hierarchical in nature. The major leaders are the owners of the firm, who take the major decisions regarding the implementation of the strategies in the organization. The managers of the organization carry out the orders of the owners. This form of leadership has both merits and demerits. The merits could be stated as the hassle free implementation of decision undertaken by a handful of members (Jiang, et al., 2012). The demerits related to such a leadership is that, the risks that are borne by the owners do not reach the employees, hence, they would not undetermined by the current situation that the firm is being through. It is an important responsibility of the Human Resource Director to maintain the issues prevailing in the leadership trait of the organization. Such organization must maintain a specific form of efficient leadership in the organization that must be supported by a good communication system (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016). This would ensure that all the members related to the organization are acknowledging the current situation of the firm. Power, Influence and Motivation In order to maintain the efficiency within Wilson brothers limited, the organization must develop a powerful and influential effect on the employees. This would help in motivation them and engaging them towards the organization. Employment engagement is quite vital for the firm, as it would help in maintaining the efficacies of the firm. Employee engagement generation should be a key aspect for the HR director (Purce, 2014). The policies must be implemented in such a manner that would help in incorporating better management of the firm. The leaders of the firm must be influential enough that would instigate a sense of motivation among the employees. The firm along with job guarantee to the employees must generate reward programs. The appraisals to be generated by the organization must be based on performance of the employees that would instigate a motivational aspect for the employees of the firm (Kramar, 2014). Better-implemented ideas would leave a positive impact on the productivi ty of the organization. Reference Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bennett, J. M., Ho, D. S. (2014). Human resource management. InPROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ENGINEERS(pp. 231-249). Berman, E. M., Bowman, J. S., West, J. P., Van Wart, M. R. (2015).Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage Publications. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), 1-56. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), 1264-1294. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Marler, J. H., Fisher, S. L. (2013). An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), 18-36. Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., Meglich, P. (2016).Human resource management. Nelson Education. Mondy, R., Martocchio, J. J. (2016). Human resource management.Human Resource Management, Global Edition. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Truss, C., Mankin, D., Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford University Press.

Macbeth Essays (691 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Disease as Imagery in Macbeth Imagery plays a predominant role in Shakespeare's play Macbeth. This stylistic device appears in several different forms throughout the play. Imagery of animals, nature, and darkness help create a foreboding atmosphere. In particular, the imagery of disease acts as a metaphor for evil and corruption. The idea of corruption spreading in Macbeth like a disease first appears in Act 1, scene 3, in one of Macbeth's first soliloquies. He states that the thought of murdering Duncan is weighing on his find so greatly that he is unable to function normally. Soon after, Lady Macbeth, in a soliloquy of her own, points out that Macbeth's only ?illness? (at that point) is his ambition. Despite the fact that he covets the throne dearly, he does not want to usurp Duncan. Unfortunately, as the disease of Macbeth's mind spreads, it takes on the new form of evil. For example, by Act 2, scene 1, his ?heat oppressed mind? sees apparitions of the dagger he will use to murder Duncan. Soon after Duncan is slain, Lennox, unaware of this dreadful deed, describes how the earth was ?feverous.? Not only does this comment show that the natural order reflects the moral order, it is also the starting point of Scotland's downfall under the rule of Macbeth as king. In Act 3, scene 4, Macbeth has prepared a banquet that is seemingly in honour of Banquo, whom he has just murdered. During the banquet, Banquo's ghost comes back to haunt Macbeth for his actions. Macbeth, unaware that he is surrounded by several Lords, openly expresses his shock when he sees Banquo's ghost. Lady Macbeth quickly comes to her husband's aid, saying that he is merely plagued by a common infirmity that causes him to hallucinate. Although this revelation is entirely false, it does have some ironic connotations: Macbeth is ill with the disease of evil. As the play progresses, the imagery of the diseased Macbeth becomes more evident. In the beginning of Act 4, scene 3, Malcolm and Macduff, lament the fact that Scotland is as ill as its ruler, Macbeth, who has now earned himself the terrible title of ?tyrant.? Malcolm even goes so far to vividly describes how his country, personified as a being, bleeds under Macbeth. This metaphor of a diseased country is extended as Macduff introduces the idea of healing Scotland, upon learning that his family has been killed. He ominously vows to slaughter Macbeth, thus curing his homeland with the medicine of revenge. Even Lady Macbeth has been affected by the spread of the malady. On a literal basis she has actually suffered a mental breakdown, primarily due to the heavy load on her conscience. Figuratively, however, she is not suffering from a sick body, but a sick soul. She is merely living in the horror of the recollection of the evil deeds that she has committed. For this reason, the doctor's diagnosis is that her only hope rests on divine healing rather than physical recuperation. The Scottish nobles continue the imagery of disease to stress that their opposition to Macbeth's ?distempered cause? is justified. In Act 5, scene 2, Malcolm has been identified as the medicine for the sick country. Moreover, his men are ready to shed their blood as ?purge? for Scotland's affliction. Back in Macbeth's camp, the tyrant asks a doctor to cure both the ailing Lady Macbeth and Scotland and to find out the cause of their troubles. Ironically, Macbeth is unaware that, in fact, he himself is the root of both of these predicaments. The use of imagery in Macbeth is effective in creating suspense and establishing the atmosphere of evil lurking. The imagery of disease as a metaphor for evil and corruption is appropriate for several reasons. Firstly, Macbeth's slow descent down the moral ladder is similar to a disease slowly spreading through an organism. Secondly, just as Macbeth is unable to rid himself of the thought of killing Duncan, a disease is often uncontrollable. Finally, the metaphor is extended, as Malcolm (and to a lesser extent Macduff) is seen as medicine or a healer who cures Scotland of its infirmity.

Donald Trump Executive Orders - List and Details

Donald Trump Executive Orders - List and Details President Donald Trump signed more than half a dozen executive orders in his first 10 days in the White House including a controversial crackdown on immigration from Muslim countries that he made a central part of his 2016 campaign. Trump even used his authority to issue executive orders on his first day on office, bypassing the legislative process even though he criticized President Barack Obamas use of the power as major power grabs of authority. Trump’s first executive orders blocked some refugees from entering the United States, expedited environmental reviews of major infrastructure projects, prevented executive branch employees from lobbying within five years of leaving their job or working for foreign countries, and began the process of repealing the  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare. Trumps most controversial executive order, by far, imposed a temporary ban on refugees and citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries - Iraq, Iran, Sudan, Somalia, Syria, Libya and Yemen -  from entering the United States. I hereby proclaim that the entry of more than 50,000 refugees in fiscal year 2017 would be detrimental to the interests of the United States, and thus suspend any such entry until such time as I determine that additional admissions would be in the national interest, Trump wrote.  That executive order, signed on Jan. 27, 2017, was met with protests around the world and legal challenges at home.   Trump also issued a number of executive actions, which are not the same as executive orders. Executive actions are any informal proposals or moves by the president, or anything the president calls on Congress or his administration to do. Executive orders  are legally binding directives from the president to federal administrative agencies. These executive orders are  published in the Federal Register, which tracks and published proposed and final regulations including proclamations by the president. List of Donald Trumps First Executive Orders Heres a list of the executive orders Trump issued soon after he took office. Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal: Trump signed this executive order on Jan. 20, 2017, within hours of moving into the White House. The executive order did not repeal Obamacare, or even ask Congress to repeal Obamas signature legislative accomplishment, even though Trump promised during the campaign that on day one of the Trump administration, we will ask Congress to immediately deliver a full repeal of Obamacare. Trumps executive order on Obamacare only instructed federal agencies to uphold the law while also  working to minimize the unwarranted economic and regulatory burdens on American citizens and companies.Expediting Environmental Reviews and Approvals For High Priority Infrastructure Projects: Trump signed this executive order on Jan. 24, 2017. The order  requires the government streamline and expedite, in a manner consistent with law, environmental reviews and approvals for all infrastructure projects, though T rump is vague on exactly how the order should be carried out. Trumps order does require the chairman of the White House Council on Environmental Quality to determine whether a project is a  high priority,  and subject to fast-tracking, in  30 days or less.   Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States: Trump signed this executive order on Jan. 25, 2017. It cuts off federal money to so-called sanctuary cities, municipalities that do not enforce immigration laws. Sanctuary jurisdictions across the United States willfully violate Federal law in an attempt to shield aliens from removal from the United States. These jurisdictions have caused immeasurable harm to the American people and to the very fabric of our Republic, Trump wrote. The order also expanded the definition of undocumented immigration the government could deport.Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements: Trump signed this executive order on Jan. 25, 2017, in a first step at fulfilling his campaign pledge to build a wall along the United States border with Mexico.  It is the policy of the executive branch to secure the southern border of the United States through the immediate construction of a physical wall on the southern border, monitored and supported by adequate personnel so as to prevent illegal immigration, drug and human trafficking, and acts of terrorism, Trump wrote. The order did not, however, spell out a mechanism to pay for the wall, although Trump said a tax on imports from Mexico os 20 percent could be among a buffet of options. Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States: Trump signed this executive order, by far his most controversial, on Jan. 27. In order to protect Americans, the United States must ensure that those admitted to this country do not bear hostile attitudes toward it and its founding principles. The United States cannot, and should not, admit those who do not support the Constitution, or those who would place violent ideologies over American law, Trump wrote. The ban on immigrants from seven countries was to last 90 days. The ban on refugees was to last for 120 days.Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Appointees: Trump signed this order on Jan. 28, 2017. The orders requires executive branch employees to sign an ethic policy that bans them from lobbying their agency for at least five years after leaving the government. It also prohibits them from working on behalf of a  foreign government or foreign political party, and  accepting gifts from registered lob byists and lobbying organizations. Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs:  Trump signed this order on Jan. 30, 2017. This order requires the federal government to eliminate two regulations  for every one new regulation issued. â€Å"If you have a regulation you want, No. 1, we’re not gonna approve it because it’s already been approved probably in 17 different forms. But if we do, the only way you have a chance is we have to knock out two regulations for every new regulation. So if there’s a new regulation, they have to knock out two,  Trump said while signing the executive order. The order states that the cost of imposing and enforcing new regulations must not add spending to the federal budget, essentially requiring the elimination of older regulations.       Trump Criticism of Executive Orders Trump made use of executive orders even though he criticized Obamas use of them. In July 2012, for example, Trump used Twitter, a favorite social media tool of his, to knock the president: â€Å"Why is BarackObama constantly issuing executive orders that are major power grabs of authority?† But Trump didn’t go so far as to say he would decline the use of executive orders for himself, saying Obama â€Å"led the way.† I wont refuse it. Im going to do a lot of things, Trump said in January 2016, adding that his executive orders would be for the â€Å"right things.† â€Å"I’m going to use them much better and they’re going to serve a much better purpose than he’s done,† he said. Trump actually promised on the campaign trail that he would use his authority to issue executive orders on some issues. In December 2015, Trump promised he would impose the death penalty on anyone convicted of killing a police officer via executive order. One of the first things I do, in terms of executive order if I win, will be to sign a strong, strong statement that will go out to the country - out to the world - that anybody killing a policeman, policewoman, a police officer - anybody killing a police officer, the death penalty. Its going to happen, OK? Trump said at the time.

Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho

Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho Adrian Secter Murder, Candy and Chains: An Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho â€Å" Show me a sane man and I will cure him for you.† — Carl Jung Understanding a swamp is to understand what exists in shadow. Not the shadow of night or shroud, but that of the mute. The marginal. To know the scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho where Marion Crane’s corpse-filled car is disposed of, is to know the film. Bogs have always been a place in flux, the last remainder of a primordial ooze. They serve as a place where strange organisms, many of which cannot survive elsewhere, can breed and grow. The same holds true for ideas. For a man such as Norman Bates, the swamp affords him (and his mother) the luxury of anonymity. Removed from the scrutiny of dry land, the rigors of reality, Bates’ imagination does as swamp creatures do. It experiments, it mutates and most importantly, it uses its natural habitat to dispose of any outsiders who threaten it. Given that t he absorptive nature of the swamp scene is both literal and metaphorical, Michael Fried’s â€Å"Absorption and Theatricality† readily lends itself to this analysis. While Fried ostensibly concerns himself with Denis Diderot and 18 th century French paintings, the case he presents all but begs to be deftly applied to film. A plea heard anachronistically by Psycho . This 1960 film is replete with striking scenes, and indeed it could be argued that the movie is comprised entirely of such scenes. It is however, the alluded to â€Å"swamp scene† that is most pertinent. In this scene, Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) hides the car that his most recent victim, Marion Crane (Janet Leigh). After murdering Crane in her motel room and disposing of all the evidence thereof, Crane’s body and 1957 Ford remain. Cleverly vanishing both corpse and car, Bates wraps Crane in a shower curtain, dumps her in the trunk and rolls the car into a nearby swamp. All of this expositi on appears fairly straightforward, and would be, were the film not directed by Alfred Hitchcock. With Hitchcock behind the camera, the scene is elevated beyond mere plot and into a realm worthy of Fried and analysis. The crucial point of this scene is that the only remaining proof of Crane’s murder, the car, does not go quietly into the swamp. In filming this descent of woman, Hitchcock positions the car on a controllable platform, allowing him to adjust the speed with which the car is lowered into the murky gloom. The car is swallowed up, but only piecemeal. At first it proceeds smoothly, as the muddy waters seep into the front of the car. Then it stops. Half of a bone-white car still sticks out of the darkness. The trunk, with Crane inside, stares back at a watchful Bates. He stares back, munching on candy corn. The water finds its strength again and consumes more of the car. Then it stops. The trunk lies like a Nile crocodile, its back above the water. On the shore, Bates continues watching. At last, the water covers the trunk and its morbid contents. The camera lingers on the last bubbles, expiring as they flee towards the shore.

Chemical engineering distillation column Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemical engineering distillation column - Essay Example The required task is therefore to determine if the column has potential to efficiently distillate within economic operation costs. While a five-step procedure is recommended for testing the facility, time is scarce and not all the steps can be implemented. The steps are; calculation of the theoretical capabilities of the distillation column in the lab, preparation of an accurate vapor liquid equilibrium diagram of water and ethanol, accounting for the energy usage of the distillation process, accounting for the final products ethanol concentration, and analysis of the costs and benefits of obtaining higher yields against higher purities. The time scarcity however dictates that only two of the steps are adopted in order to determine the column’s capacity. My team would choose to prepare an accurate vapor liquid equilibrium diagram for water and ethanol, and to account for the final product’s ethanol concentration. The vapor liquid equilibrium would be preferred because of its theoretical basis that can be used in an experiment to test the facility’s efficiency and freedom from errors. This is because for any mixture of two fluids and across varying temperatures or pressures, there is an equation that determines corresponding mole ratios of mixture components in the vapor state given a temperature or pressure. A given volume of water and ethanol can then be used in the column and measurements taken at a given temperature and mole ratio determined. If the experimental values correspond to theoretical values, as determined by Raoult’s theory, then the column is approved to be operationally efficient. It is therefore an accurate measure of efficiency (Theodore, Ricci and Vanvliet, p. 233). Accounting for the final et hanol concentration is another efficient process for determining the operational efficiency of the distillation column. This is because of the

Global Strategy Business Report TBS984 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Strategy Business Report TBS984 - Essay Example The best entry mode is forming a strategic alliance with Gulf Drilling International since it is less risky, less costly and will enable Nexus to control its operations, and gain more knowledge of Qatar market. The company must position itself as a technologically innovative oil and gas exploration company that is committed to ensuring sustainable communities. The company must localise the human resource management and marketing activities in order to enhance the reputation and gain higher market penetration. The objective of the report is to guide the Nexus Energy management in their global strategy through identifying Qatar as the appropriate target country, the attractiveness of the oil and gas industry in Qatar and strategic alliance with Gulf Drilling International as the best entry mode in Qatar foreign market. The report will entail a detailed analysis of the current international business and economic environment of Qatar, analysis of the attractiveness of the oil and gas industry and the economic viability of Qatar as the most preferred country. In addition, the report will cover strategic alliance as the most appropriate entry mode in Qatar and Nexus Energy Limited strategic positioning to compete successfully in the new industry. The last part will be the conclusion and recommendations to the management. Nexus Energy intends to expand its business to Qatar and desires to do so through forming a strategic alliance with a local firm. The selection of foreign market entry mode is influenced factors such as the associated costs, market risks and the need for control of the foreign operations. The report will rely on secondary data collection and analysis methods. The report will utilise academic literature, global strategy models and recent market data to determine the best country of foreign market entry and the best foreign company that Nexus

The first organisation I collected two documents from was Vodafone Essay Example for Free

The first organisation I collected two documents from was Vodafone Essay 1. INTRODUCTION This report was specially made to describe, compare and evaluate two different standard business documents from three different organisations, a total of six documents. I was asked for the first unit to gather these documents, to clearly and accurately explain their purpose and to identify the common elements of similar documents for example: use of boxes, headings, gaps between headings and logos etc. I was also asked to compare the documents and accurately evaluate the god and bad points about writing and presentation styles (formal/informal, blocked or indented style, method of emphasis such as underlining, italics and bold writing. It is also important for me to comment on their suitability for purpose and to suggest how they could be improved. I will then produce an in depth report which enabled me to show effective skills in the appropriate use of software facilities to automatic aspects of my document production, such as bullet and numbering, paragraph and heading styles and standardised layout. 2. Organisation One: Vodafone The first organisation I collected two documents from was Vodafone. The documents I collected were a letter from Vodafone and a leaflet of Vodafone top up. 2.1 Vodafone Letter The purpose of this document is to inform customers of Vodafone PLC about the latest polyphonic ring tones available. The layout of the letter is A5 page that has been printed on both sides. On the first side the following information is displayed: The document has a Wide screen television visual out the outer parts of the letter with a man snow boarding in some snowy mountains and then under this it states Starring below this it states the name of person it has been addressed to. On the second side the following information is displayed: The right hand side a line has been drawn to separate the actual content with the address of where it is purposed to go, a postage paid sign in the top right hand corner and diagonally in small text an address the document should be sent to if it is undelivered. On the left hand side the text is laid out like a letter using paragraphs and clear headings above the paragraphs. There is also a flow chart diagram of what to do if the receiver of the letter would like to purchase ring tones or pictures via the internet. Below this a line has been drawn and in smaller text it states the terms conditions of purchasing ring tones and that downloading ma restricted in some countries. This document is similar to the other letters as it is notifying it customers the products and services available to its customers. The documents have all used paragraphs to make the document easier to reader. The good points that about this document is that its initial headings have been typed in bold colour red and that the information given in the letter has been shown in either a paragraph or a flow chart diagram with links to the next step with a writing style that is clear to read. As the diagram has been made efficient with the use of arrows appropriate boxes and pictures. The bad points about this document are that the whole document should be changed as the actual information that has to be notified to the customer is not clearly emphasised as the address column has taken up too much space foe what is actually needed and also that the address could have been printed on the other side where the big picture is printed. The method that this letter has been distributed for is not good, and the product that the company is trying to sell has not been emphasised enough. I think this document is not suitable for its purpose. 2.2 Vodafone Top up Leaflet The purpose of this document is to inform customers about the electronic way of topping up your credits on your mobile phone. Also about how to linking your E-TopUp card with your mobile. The layout of this leaflet is A6 page that has been printed on both sides. On the first side the following information is displayed: The document has a red front cover with in the top two corners logos of Vodafone and the TOP-UP log that can be found on outlets that offer electronic top up. Between these two logos in white font it says How are you? below this is an outline of a white speech bubble and inside the bubble it states, Im ready to TopUp. On the second side the following information is displayed: The background of the document on this page is white. The first paragraph is in a red font and slightly larger font is a brief introduction about the topic of the leaflet. Underneath in small black font it says that top up is easy to use and that card is simple and secure. The second paragraph in a bold red font says The benefits of topping up with your new swipe card, underneath this in a smaller black font it states the benefits. The third and final paragraph in a slightly larger red and bold it says Linking you E-Top swipe card to your mobile, underneath this in a smaller black font it bullet point the stages of how to link your swipe card with your mobile. On the third side the following information is displayed: The background of the document on this page is white. The first paragraph heading states in a red and bold font about how the swipe card scheme works. Underneath in a smaller size text bullet points about how the actual swipe card scheme operates. The second paragraph heading says in a slightly larger red and bold font Existing E-TopUp swipe card customers, underneath this in a smaller black font it offers customers to have personalise top up cards with there phone number on the card stated. On the fourth side the following information is displayed: The background of the document on this page is red with white font. It states in bold font Where you can use your E-TopUp swipe card, underneath this in smaller font a list of large retailing outlets such as Argos but also where ever the shown signs are displayed. Underneath this in a smaller text states Vodafones Terms and Conditions of using there top up swipe cards, with a large Vodafone logo outlined in white in the bottom right hand corner of the leaflet. The good points about this document is that it uses the same colour co-ordination throughout the document but also the colours used contrasted together so the text could easily be read and the were the companies colours used on logos. The information text was cleverly spaced out with every paragraph was about a different aspects of using the swipe card. The leaflet did not for second go of task about what the leaflet wanted to achieve and the information needed by the customers. The bad points about this document are that the Terms and Conditions were in very small text that was hard to read; this was as Vodafone were hiding some not so good information about the swipe card. I think this document is suitable for its purpose. 3. Organisation two: Halifax The second organisation I collected two documents from was Halifax. The documents I collected were a letter from Halifax and a leaflet of Halifax, The facts and figures. 3.1 Halifax Letter The purpose of this document is to inform customers about their new bank account and the ways they can withdraw and bank money into their new current account. The letter is on a single A4 page that has been printed on one side. The background of the document of this page is white. In the top right hand corner is the Halifax logo and the address of its headquarters. The first paragraph heading starts off saying Dear Customer, Welcome to Halifax!, In a black font. Underneath in the same sized font says Enclosed you will find your, and then bullet pointed below stating the objects that have come with the letter. The second paragraph starts with a bold blue text stating how to get started with your new account. Then it states a step-by-step guide how to activate your credit card. The third paragraph starts with a heading in a bold and blue font giving information about the credit card PIN number. The good points about this document are that it has initial headings have been typed in bold above every new paragraph for emphasis and that the information given in the letter has been shown in either a bullet point or numbered form with a writing style clear to read. The bad points about this document are that there are headings in a letter making the subject of the different sections hard to identify. I think this document is suitable for its purpose. 3.2 Halifax Leaflet The purpose of this document is to inform customers about the great savings customers can make on home and travel insurance. The layout of this leaflet is C5 page that has been printed on both sides. On the first side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is white with contrasting blue and green at the top and bottom of the page. On the left hand side of the page in a bold blue text saying Were offering some great savings on your home and travel insurance, with great savings highlighted in a green colour. Underneath this in blue are the Halifax logo and message. On the right hand side of the page is a man wearing glasses in a hot air balloon waving. On the second side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is white with a picture on the right hand side of the page with a man skiing in mid air contrasting with the white background. On the left in a bold green text if says Annual Travel Insurance from under à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½44*. Underneath this in a small black font a paragraph stating that Multi -trip cover can offer you great value for money and bullet pointed is the savings you could make. On the third side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is white with a table outlined and shaded in green. On the left is a table of the different covers you could buy ranging from 17 days to 12 months. On the right in a small black font is the rating of there annual travel insurance done by an independent market research company and their company logo. Underneath the terms and conditions of annual cover. Underneath this in a large blue font is a phone number for travel insurance or the website you could visit to find out more. On the fourth side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is white with a picture of a man in bed relating in bed. Top of the page is a bold and green heading saying how much you could save on home insurance. On the left is a picture of the man in bed. On the right in a small black text was bullet pointed the great discounts and benefits available. On the right is a small logo saying Home insurance 2003 with five stars, this that Halifax has been rated five stars for Building and Contents cover for product features and benefits by Defaqto, an independent market research company. Underneath this in a large blue font is a phone number for Home insurance or the website you could visit to find out more. On the fifth side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is blue with a picture of a man pointing at the title a the top of the page which is in a bold and green font says Call now to see how much you could save. Underneath this in a slightly smaller white font it states Halifax Insurance GREAT SAVINGS to be made beneath this in a smaller white font it offers some impressive savings by saying how much you could save up to on Insurance with Halifax. On the sixth side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is blue. The heading says Great savings from Halifax insurance in a bold green font, with ways you could contact Halifax either by telephone or Internet. Underneath it states Halifaxs Terms and Conditions stating that some phone calls will be recorded for so purpose. In the bottom right hand corner the Halifax logo. The good points about this document are that information is clearly displayed with the use of tables and headings, making the information more interesting to read than a long essay. The bad points about this document are that some of the text could be made a bit bigger so it could read easier. A lot of information is squashed into a small space. I think this document is suitable for its purpose. As it is well designed to sell a service to a potential customer. 4. Organisation Three: Procter Gamble UK The third organisation I collected two documents from was Procter Gamble UK, which owns the beauty, range Olay. The documents I collected were a letter promoting Olay regenerist and a leaflet of the actual Olay regenerist products. 4.1 Olay regenrist Letter The purpose of this document is to inform customers of Gamble Procter UK promoting their new beauty range called Olay regenerist. The layout of the letter is A4 page that has been printed on one side. The background of the document of this page is white with a border at the top of the page. In the top right hand corner is an image of the Olay regenerist range of products. On the left of the page is the Olay logo with a bubble in red saying new. Underneath this is the address of where the letter is going to. The first paragraph has a red bold heading asking the customer Is cosmetic surgery just a step too far you? Underneath in a small black text is explanation of the percentage of women who would not have cosmetic surgery. The second paragraph is introducing the new products available from Olay. The third paragraph is offering a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 free voucher that is attached to the bottom of the page. The good points about this document are that it has initial headings have been typed in bold above every new paragraph for emphasis. There is only information that is needed by the consumer such as what the product can do to your skin. The bad points about this document are that there are headings in a letter making the subject of the different sections hard to identify. Also that there are numbers above and under the address that have no significance what so ever, that spoil the overall image of the letter. I think this document is suitable for its purpose. As it is well designed to sell a product to a potential customer, as there is a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5off voucher from anything purchased within the Olay brand. 4.2 Olay regenerist Leaflet The purpose of this document is to inform customers of Gamble Procter UK promoting their new beauty range called Olay regenerist. The layout of the leaflet is B3 page that has been printed on both sides. On the first side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is black. On the left is a picture of the new Olay regenerist products with a light shining over the products reflecting the silver tray that the products are in. Above this in a white font is says, If youre of cosmetic surgery try this first! underneath is a logo of Red magazine. At the bottom of the page is the logo of OLAY. On the second side the following information is displayed: The background of this page is black with a picture in the centre of a lady and a step-by-step guide of how her skin colour can change into looking younger in just three weeks. Above is a red bubble saying new and next to this regenerist the logo. On the right is reminding the customer about their à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 money off coupon can experience the benefits of younger looking skin. On the left is a short paragraph in a white and large font about what the new product contains such as green tea. Underneath this is a white line going across the page with OLAY logo in both of the bottom corner with in the centre in small text money back, if not satisfied. On the third side is the following information is displayed: The background of this page is black. At the top of the page is a red bubble saying new and the regenerist logo. On the left is a picture of the regenerist products. On the left is a bullet pointed list of the products shown in the picture and an explanation that the products can be used together or singularly. Underneath this is a white line drawn across the page the address of the owners and headquarters of Olay and on the right an Olay logo. The good points about this document is that it uses the same colour co-ordination throughout the document but also the colours used contrasted together so the text could easily be read. The information text was cleverly spaced out. The bad points about this document are that the page fold was slightly to the right hand side of the page and not in the middle. I think the leaflet was a bit too much spaced out. I think this document is suitable for its purpose. 5. Conclusion Overall most of the documents reviewed in this report have followed a basic business layout. All documents stick to one writing style and font throughout the entire document, which shows consistency and is less confusing. The language used in the documents is a formal language because of its purpose.

Bus Queue :: essays research papers

Bus Queue by Anges Owens In this story Bus Queue by Anges Owens I am going to discuss how the writer conveys moods through his use of language. The moods created are made by his choice of words, the dialect and dialogue, by the people at the bus stop. The moods can also be detected by the sentence structure. He expresses these moods by giving detailed sentences of the boy out of breath and the harsh cold weather. The scene in which the story is set is in an area that is poor and rough, the broken glass at the bus stop shows this; also the wire fence emphasises a poor area. The boy that arrives at the bus stop had been running, this was shown because he was gasping for air as he was out of breath, the boy must have felt like his heart was sinking from the amount of hard running he had been doing. The boy was alone, as he had no one to talk two. He could have tried to make conversation with the other person at the bus stop but whenever he looked up and tried to make conversation she drew her collar up, so that she was blocking him out as such. The woman was regarding him coldly as if to say; I want nothing to do with you so just leave me alone, but to be fair to the woman she might of just been cold as the bus shelter wasn’t really a shelter as the panes of glass were broken. The chilling wind is rushing through the holes and is getting colder as the night grows older. He starts to feel this cold bitterness in his lungs. The boy is anxious as he keeps glancing up and down the street. Here the author is describing the boy and the surroundings so that the reader of the story can sense and imagine the area around the bus stop and the essentially the people at the bus stop. Nobody cares about other people or other things that are happening around them, if you feel ok then that’s all that matters. The boy lent against the wire fence and two females approached the shelter and stood within the shelter they then started talking and created some friendly atmosphere so the boy felt welcome. They were talking about the buses and how they haven't been on time for years now and that they have been complaining for years and that nothing had been done because the area was poor and nobody cared about the people that lived there.

Banh Chung

Banh chung Each country’s cuisine isn't simply a habit of eating and drinking, people also consider about the culinary sophistication, assess country’s culture. Referring to Korea, we all know about Kim chi – the proud of Korea's traditional foods; and sushi is a famous food of Japan. Similar, Vietnamese are also have their traditional foods. Beside of ph? , bun bo hu? , or nem nu? ng, Banh chung is also a proud of VietNam.The dictionary definition of Banh chung as a traditional Vietnamese rice cake which is made from glutinous rice, mung bean, pork and other ingredients. However, it isn’t enough to explain the meaning of Banh chung. Behind that simple cake is a long story about family’s love. According to the book Linh Nam chich quai (Extraordinary stories of Linh Nam) published in 1695, this cake was created by Lang Lieu- the prince of the sixth Hung Vuong; it represents the heart of the child for his father and symbolizes the vitality of the univ erse.According to Lang Lieu, a square cake symbolizes the earth (under the concept of the ancients), and the raw materials to create a cake to show the vitality of all things in universe (animal and plant). This is a traditional cake which every Vietnamese have in Lunar New Year. We use la dong to wrap the cake in square form before boiling it. Mung bean, fatty pork and black pepper, salt, sometimes green onion, and fish sauce for spices are added inside the glutinous rice. When eating cake, people like to add fish sauce or eating with c? i? u (tubers procession), dua m? m (cucumber sauce) or salt radish†¦